Dengue fever

Etiology: Dengue virus

 there are totally 4 serotypes in it namely 1,2,3,4

Transmission: Aedes aegypti 

Clinical features: Fever- high-grade type,  Myalgia- - joint pain (Break bone fever), Petechiae

Presence of rash and bleeding manifestations.

Stages of the disease
Dengue fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Dengue shock syndrome

Complications
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Shock

Laboratory Diagnosis
Complete blood count
Platelet count - decreased (Thrombocytopenia)
Confirmatory diagnosis
Detection of NS1 antigen by ELISA- can be detected as early as within 3 days of onset of fever
NS1 is a non-structural protein present in the dengue virus, hence the method is antigen detection and indicates current infection, but the same type is shared with other viruses like chikungunya hence makes it less specific.
Detection of IgM antibodies by Elisa - This is more specific and indicates current infection
Detection of IgG antibodies by Elisa- The presence of this indicates past infection.
If all three are positive then its an indication that the patient is affected for the second time by a different serotype and there is a high chance that the patient is prone for complications.
Dengue viral load - Real-time PCR